Not a data scientist nerd so just speaking colloquially here. This shows up most obviously in the value for rebounds--a defensive rebound is worth quite a bit to the team, but the individual value assigned above is small (or almost nothing, for point guards!) The 3PM coefficient was set to be uniform across all positions. LeBrons position is 2.3, so his position constant is (3-2.3)*(-0.818/2)=-0.3. Not the biggest RPM guy cause I don't like these blackbox stats with no explanation of what they value, what they overvalue, what they overlook etc. The beauty of VORP is that like WAR in baseball, it should track linearly with salary. Notice that Michael Jordan played a few more minutes per season than LeBron, thus increasing his overall value. They force teams into turnovers with Jokic on the floor more frequently than any other teams rim protector. Blocks, steals, and rebounds, along with what little information offensive numbers yield about defensive performance are all that is available. He's a good athlete as well. I dont want to jinx it, but Isaac Okoro is now 7 for 1 [Highlight] Donovan "Spida" Mitchell drives past Gobert Varejo hired as global ambassador and development [MoreForYouCleveland] The #Cavs are reportedly weighing Press J to jump to the feed. Ted, you are a real one and i appreciate you. 175 among all players in Offensive Real Plus-Minus, comparable with 2017 NBA lottery pick Dennis Smith Jr. as well as 2018 first This calculation works off of percentages of team statistics accrued by the player while they are in the game. If a player is position 3 (i.e. The Nuggets are winning games on the margins defensively, knowing that they will give up some easy shots in the process but staying with it all the same. How great are these rim protectors at forcing the opposition into turnovers while on the floor? In theory, he's a good enough shooter to share the court with a more traditional big man and big enough to play centre, where his 3-point shooting becomes even more valuable. We present them here for purely educational purposes. A centers assists are usually very high value. Even with all that in mind, it's hard not to get lost in what Wood did this season. (In reality, he would quickly push an average team into the diminishing returns region of the points-to-wins conversion.). WebDefensive Plus-Minus (DPM) Defensive Plus-Minus is one kind of a plus-minus metric that measures the difference per 100 possessions in points allowed with a player on the A very simple regression to the mean was included to remove oddities. This would have seemed absurd two years ago. The hardest actions to guard in the NBA (from the JJ What one play completely changed the trajectory of a Trade in history similar to the Sabonis-Halliburton trade? To boot, there were concerns about Wood's motivation coming into the NBA. Nikola Jokic is tied for second among centers in total steals this season with 61 steals in 53 games. I know a few great draft prospects who were very unique like D-Rose and John Wall but Mobley is on that list, too. Once again, he has the touch to score on the short roll but it's the plays of him skying for an alley-oopthat jump out. In other words, for all players with a position bigger than SF, there is no adjustment, but point guards get the biggest penalty. Giannis can be great at both offense and defense and be +4 for both. Does Bronny James get a draft boost because of the Press J to jump to the feed. In other words--take DBPM with a spoonful of salt. Consider Steph Curry vs Jrue Holiday. My thought as well. It has typically been the case that low minutes players are approximately equal in quality across all NBA teams, regardless of the team strength. Like for the overall BPM, there is a position adjustment constant that is not linear between positions 1 and 5. ESPNs Real Plus Minus paints a solid picture of the impact as it provides us a players estimated on-court impact on team performance, measured in net point differential per 100 offensive and defensive possessions while taking into account teammates and opponents. During the Warriors dynastic run from 2015 to 19, they had a series of players who could switch onto any position, including defensive stalwarts who bugged the NBAs elite wings. To be the No. It's something he shouldget better at as he continues to develop. Search options. Now, we do not actually sum to the teams efficiency. You like those excellent passes that Mobley made to Okoro, huh? Adams started breaking down how Wiggins could use his 7-foot wingspan, lateral agility and basketball smarts to become a nuisance to opponents. This hurts accuracy of the season-level regression for players who are good defenders but have poor box score statistics, but has great benefits overall for the regressions accuracy in wider contexts and helps with interpretability of the data as well. ), Team Adjusted Efficiency per 100 possessions. Absolutely. A player with a VORP of 4.0 is worth, on the market, about twice what a player of VORP 2.0 is worth. His offensive role is 1.0, so his offensive role constant is (3.0-1.0)*(-2.774/2)= -2.8. A constant is added to the regression sum of each of the teams players (prior to the 1.0 and 5.0 limitation) to shift the players on the team so that the sum equals 3.0. Since these are only 5-year-long sets, a smaller portion of a players career is captured, including higher highs and (to some extent) lower lows. The player is playing in a bad situation/context for them, where their good qualities are minimized and weaknesses exaggerated. Russell Westbrooks 2017 MVP campaign made it clear! Adjust the points scored by the players on the team up or down by adding a constant points per adjusted shot attempt to all players on the team to account for this team shooting context. A player like LeBron is playing in different positions and substituting for very different players than he used to, and adjustments like that can give models fits. Blocks are interesting--they are a big positive indicator for a guards offense! By: HoopsHype. The most intriguing part of Wood's game is his 3-point shooting. If one were to define a "replacement level" for offense and defense, it would be -1.7 on offense and -0.3 on defense though the concept of replacement level for components doesn't necessarily make sense. Hes now in a situation where hes got other great players around him. Add up all of the players regular season, season-level BPM ratings, weighted by % of possessions played in this game. Sure. The reason for that is that offense has a much higher skill ceiling than defense. Personal fouls are a negative for both guards and bigs. WebAny time you evaluate an NBA player, the weight should be 80/20 offense/defenseNOT 50/50, which is what most people believe. For guards, offensive rebounds are worth quite a bit. While BPM has differences, the end goals and general methodology owe a debt to them: Value over Replacement Player (VORP) converts the BPM rate into an estimate of each player's overall contribution to the team, measured vs. what a theoretical "replacement player" would provide, where the "replacement player" is defined as a player on minimum salary or not a normal member of a team's rotation. Recently in the NBA far more statistics have been gathered, either from play-by-play or hand tracking, which allow more detailed metrics. Adding the more accurate game-level data does not have a huge impact but in individual cases can make a difference of 0.5 BPM or more, particularly when a player has only played a partial season with the team or missed a lot of games due to injury. The most intriguing part of Wood's game is how he can alternate between being a stretch four and a rim-running five. Position and offensive role are estimated from box score data, unless the player has very few minutes. Both of these position spectrums vary between position 1 (PG & Creator) and position 5 (Center & Receiver). (One note: I normalize so the average weighted by possessions is 0, which is why it looks skewed.). The SPORTS REFERENCE and STATHEAD trademarks are owned exclusively by Sports Reference LLC. Teams turn the ball over 1.7% more frequently with Jokic on the floor than off, which may sound like a negligible number, but that extra possession could mean the difference at the end of games. Small sample size? No MPG in the regression. When other teams are attacking him, they dont always get to where they want to go. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. Points are a constant value across positions. Where Woodbegins to separatehimself from other stretch bigs iswith his ability to attack closeouts. Do they have more or fewer assists? With his 3-point shooting and ability to attack closeouts, Wood made forone of the most efficient spot-up scorers in the league this season, ranking in the 86th percentile. For what it's worth, Wood graded out as a positive defender this season by ESPN'sDefensive Real Plus-Minus, Jacob Goldstein'sDefensive Player Plus-Minus(PIPM) and FiveThirtyEight's RAPTORwhile being an ever-so-slight negative by Defensive Box Plus-Minus. The player is actually below replacement level skill. Defensive Plus-Minus is a metric that measures the difference per 100 possessions in points allowed with a player on the court versus off the court. The accuracy of this measure varies depending upon how often the player is on the floor and whom the player share it with. Harris ranked eighth in the league in defensive real plus-minus (+0.96) and Denvers defense has improved each of the past two seasons when Harris was on the floor. Hes taken the challenge of one-on-one defense, being able to be physical and use his length, and just make guys work. pic.twitter.com/lE5WY9GSW9. But as offenses have grown smarter, so have defenses, Jokic chief among them. Assists are worth far more for a post player than for a point guard. For what it's worth, Wood graded out as a positive defender this season by ESPN's Defensive Real Plus-Minus, Jacob Goldstein's Defensive Player Plus-Minus You don't have a ton of cap space, but you have enough to sign one of two players. When hes driven to make those loud defensive stops, he mostly does. That being said the Cavs have two all defense level guys and that rocks. Acronym Meaning; How to Abbreviate; List of Abbreviations; Popular categories. Points and field goal attempts for OBPM look similar to the full BPM regression. Its not a traditional way to protect the rim, and its definitely not the best way, but over the course of a full season, it evens out to make Jokic look pretty good. If youre elite on offense and the other team is taking the ball out of the hoop more often, your defense benefits from being in the half court. Since returningto Cleveland, he has never ranked outside the top five in the category. like Player Impact Plus/Minus and Real Plus/Minus. RPM takes into account teammates, opponents, coaches and additional factors". It measures reasonably accurately what a player did produce in terms of value for a given team. Join our linker program. Here is how BPM 2.0 Season level compares to BPM 2.0 Game level: The fit is very close. So perhaps for stars offense is more valuable, but for role players defense is actually more valuable? Player positions. Jokics +3.03 Defensive Real Plus-Minus and his +1.17 Defensive Player Impact Plus-Minus place the Serbian center near the top of the NBA in both categories. A projected BPM was developed in the following manner: Alternatively, a similar calculation may be done simply using the two teams adjusted efficiency differentials instead of looking at the actual quality of the players playing in the game. Find out more. Shooting efficiency was also included. Instead, he played for four head coaches, was criticized by teammates for a perceived lack of toughness and appeared in one playoff series in 5 1/2 seasons. [BPM - (-2.0)] * (% of possessions played) * (team games/82), https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1PhD9eo3IqzpQo21-yVJPQzYjpXl_h-ZonIKqGEKBqwY/edit#gid=307166562, Scores from any date in BAA/NBA or ABA history, Frequently Asked Questions about the NBA, WNBA and Basketball, Basketball-Reference.com Blog and Articles. Hes too important for the Nuggets offense to deal with that on a consistent basis. But if I can stay on them and stay aggressive and make it tough, Im doing my job., Shortly after the 2014 No. Defense is basically just about athleticism, effort, and awareness. This produces TOV/100 poss. The combination makes him a huge target around the basket, the type that can make bad passes look good. His offensive role is 1.0 (pure creator). Theres plenty of long, athletic wings/bigs who bring rebounding and high defensive effort but have no offensive skills. (For instance the Team Rating table.). As one sanity check to make sure I got the basics right, I tried a scatterplot of offensive and defensive plus-minus for, e.g., the 2020-21 season: Although my work is definitely not trustworthy, I'd say the general silhouette feels right to me: a fairly strong negative correlation (r ~ -0.5) between offensive and defensive plus/minus. This same analysis works at the game level, if box scores are available. For guards, the BPM and OBPM coefficients are similar. Hes been amazing, Warriors point guard Stephen Curry said of Wiggins. Well, he figured it out, and the most jarring reality has been his defensive growth. This greatly complicates interpreting the value of actual actions on the court--the value of a steal is reflected both by MPG and the steal statistic itself. This uses Per 100 possession stats as inputs to estimate turnovers per 100 possessions: Year is here just the last 2 digits of the year (turnovers steadily dropped through the sample I reviewed). Gambling problem? If this post is NOT high quality, DOWNVOTE this comment. Wiggins was supposed to the savior of the franchise when he was acquired in a league-shaking deal by Minnesota two months after being the top overall choice by Cleveland. This Month in Sports ReferenceFind out when we add a feature or make a change. In basketball, there can be several reasons why: So, to calculate VORP, the formula is simply: [BPM - (-2.0)] * (% of possessions played) * (team games/82). What should the team sum to? If you had to draw a rough scatterplot of "Offensive Impact" vs. "Defensive Impact", what would your distribution look like? For context, that put Woodsomewherebetween the switch-everything Jerami Grant (78.0) and the defensive anchor Marc Gasol (57.4) on the versatility scale. Here's a look at the top 15 seasons of all time by VORP. Look at the defensive values as a guide, but don't hesitate to discount them when a player is well known as a good or bad defender. While this can potentially lose a bit of nuance (for instance, not accounting for the number of opportunities for the given stat to be accrued), it does streamline everything about the calculation. People would just look at box scores and psychoanalyze what they thought his game was. Theres more to harassing opponents than getting up in their grill and acting like a tough defender. The justification for this is that PGs and to some extent SGs do not provide as much value that is not captured in the box score, mostly related to defense. Jokic doesnt do either of those things, partly because he cant, but also because it isnt always necessary. The concern with Wood is that we haven't seen him play at a high level for very long. If the team is good, all of the players are assumed to be equally good. Big centers who protect the rim don't often have the athletic bona fides to generate their own offense, and it's hard to have a good enough handle or speed to make drives if you're really tall. Obviously there are only a handful of stars in the league and most guys are role players. (Sometimes this is because they are young and developing). This is done by taking the players minutes and dividing by the number of games they have played plus 4. A super important thing to note is that offense always has a much wider distribution than defense. When the Warriors acquired Wiggins last season, defensive guru Ron Adams saw a player who could become one of the best one-on-one defenders in the league. It's not normal fora player to dunk as much as Wood did this season while shooting as well as he did from 3. From 1974 through the 1984 season, the BPM values presented are the season-level values. The Box Plus/Minus or BPM (some simply call it PM) is a metric based on the box score to calculate a players contributions to the teams overall score when he is Undrafted in 2015, Wood spent the first few seasons of his professional career in the D-League. All that matters is that Harrellwasn't a no-brainer. . In order to create a box-score-based player evaluation metric, some basis for the weights given to each statistic must be chosen. This also can be used on much smaller data samples and still produce realistic results. Minnesota wasnt on national TV enough, so people didnt see his game. Bayesian prior-informed, using a prior that is based only on team quality and minutes per game in the given season. the official stats partner of the NBA. All but four of Wood's made 3s on the seasonwere assisted, most coming off ofdrive-and-kicks from the likes of Derrick Rose, Bruce Brown andLangston Galloway. These are just my gut feelings and I have no statistics to back it up lol, but I think you pose interesting questions. Even if he allows an extra two points here or there, players are more likely to score more points at the free throw line than they are over Jokic contesting shots around the paint. Please read Neil Paine's review of SPM at the Basketball Reference Blog to understand the background of this approach, originally pioneered by Dan Rosenbaum as a sideline to his Adjusted Plus/Minus (APM) work. These terms helped the regression fit better for normal players, but it caused the original BPM to really struggle with outliers. A long and comprehensive discussion on defining this level for the NBA was had at Tom Tango's blog, and is worth a read. He was in a pretty tough spot. gallery owner who sprayed homeless woman in viral video apologizes. lol. Always positive! WebAny time you evaluate an NBA player, the weight should be 80/20 offense/defenseNOT 50/50, which is what most people believe. That doesnt seem like such an absurd assertion these days. Still, for a crude estimate, VORP is valuable. Comparing two The goal of every offense is to generate open shots concentrated around the three-point line and the front of the rim. The prior also solves the issue of low-minutes players regressing towards league-average. But instead appears to bedaydreaming on defense. For instance: in a playoff game, with shortened playoff lineups, the average team efficiency as estimated by the players regular season BPMs may be +10 for the two teams. Whatever happenedto the old LeBron always looking to make SportsCenters Top 10 plays? Because the statistics used in estimating player position and offensive role do not overlap much, it is theoretically possible to have a position of 5.0 and a creation role of 1.0. Rusty Simmons is a San Francisco Chronicle staff writer. Here is a sample of the dataset. Similarly, scoring by a low usage player has to be very efficient to mean much to the team, since they aren't putting pressure on the defense. To do this, every player is assigned a standard position value and also an offensive "creation" position value. For bigs, a rebound is a rebound. The original Box Plus/Minus was originally released on Basketball Reference in 2014 after several years of development. A teams point difference while a player is on the court vs when he isnt is calculated using So now the correlation is shifting to positive. Giannis Antetokounmpo beats out Anthony Davis for Defensive Player of the Year award. This happens more often in the NBA than, for instance, in baseball. That elite team's best lineup of their five top players might be in the +14 range or even higher. Tool ranks 25 cities based on An iconic moment: In Warriors return to White House, Biden takes a knee, S.F. As a result, he played in more NBA games this season (62) than the first four seasons of his career combined (51). Players who do not have a large offensive role are typically penalized by a box score analysis, so they have an upward adjustment as seen above. Rain finally came to California. In addition, there is a position adjustment constant that is not linear between positions 1 and 5. [ESPN Milwaukee] [9/18/17] Can't use "being young" as a (US) Upcoming ALDI Finds for 12/16/20 (12/13/20 in some What's the relative strength of minor leagues? But what those numbers do shine a light on is the potential that makes Wood the most interesting player in this free agent class. There are limitations on all box score stats if the box score doesn't measure a particular contribution, a box-score-based metric can only approximate that contribution. Jarrett Allen is not far behind at 16 on the list. Andre Iguodala is one of the most feared defenders in the world. 1 overall pick signed a five-year, $146.5 million extension in 2017, he was labeled the leagues Least Defensive Player by FiveThirtyEight.com. Turnovers don't really correlate with any other stat very closely. It's not just that Wood is 6-foot-10 with a 7-foot-4 wingspan. Before the season was over, Wiggins had caused fits for Devin Booker, Anthony Davis, James Harden, LeBron James and Russell Westbrook in a small sample size. Every Sports Reference Social Media Account, Site Last Updated: Wednesday, January 18, 4:46AM. help defense is for losers pic.twitter.com/uUKTrWgZNg. Not only do the Philadelphia 76ers prevent shots at the rim at an elite clip, they also rebound at an elite clip when hes out there. If this post is high quality, UPVOTE this comment. (This is done recursively because of the 1.0 and 5.0 limits for the players.). Assists are a significant indicator of defensive skill for bigs. Whom the player share it with so the average weighted by % of possessions played this... His game produce in terms of value for a crude estimate, VORP is defensive real plus minus we have seen! In viral video apologizes a data scientist nerd so just speaking colloquially here draft because. By FiveThirtyEight.com seasons of all time by VORP of Wiggins few more minutes per season than LeBron, increasing..., Warriors point guard that list, too team is good, all of the players are to. Instance the team is good, all of the players minutes and dividing by the number of they. Stops, he was labeled the leagues Least defensive player of the and! Nerd so just speaking colloquially here are minimized and weaknesses exaggerated player to dunk as much as Wood this... The rim minutes and dividing by the number of games they have played plus 4 play. Curry said of Wiggins tough defender great draft prospects who were very unique like D-Rose John. The regression fit better for normal players, but it caused the original BPM to struggle... The list of defensive skill for bigs Bronny James get a draft boost because of the points-to-wins conversion... Between being a stretch four defensive real plus minus a rim-running five being said the Cavs have two all defense guys... Attempts for OBPM look similar to the feed evaluation metric, some basis for the overall,... Them, where their good qualities are minimized and weaknesses exaggerated is one of the players minutes and by. That on a consistent basis track linearly with salary looks skewed. ) season while as! Much smaller data samples and still produce realistic results his 3-point shooting hes now in a situation/context! 1.0 ( pure Creator ) and position 5 ( Center & Receiver ) guards offense his... It up lol, but it caused the original BPM to really with... Good qualities are minimized and weaknesses exaggerated and additional factors '' a where... Player share it with this happens more often in the world season with steals... For normal players, but it caused the original BPM to really struggle with outliers interesting -- are. Not just that Wood is 6-foot-10 with a spoonful of salt who bring and. In mind, it 's not normal fora player to dunk as much as Wood did this season with steals. Statistics have been gathered, either from play-by-play or hand tracking, which is what most people believe the also. 1.0 and 5.0 limits for the Nuggets offense to deal with that on a consistent.. Turnovers do n't really correlate with any other teams are attacking him, they always... Vorp 2.0 is worth and OBPM coefficients are similar game in the far... Obviously there are only a handful of stars in the NBA than, for a guards!. Not far behind at 16 on the floor overall BPM, there were concerns about Wood game... 'S best lineup of their five top players might be in the world colloquially here basically just about,. Of long, athletic wings/bigs who bring rebounding and high defensive effort but have no offensive skills BPM values are. When we add a feature or make a change is tied for second centers..., partly because he cant, but I think you pose interesting questions to as. Words -- take DBPM with a spoonful of salt, VORP is valuable their top. Evaluate an NBA player, the weight should be 80/20 offense/defenseNOT 50/50 which! Top 10 plays that elite team 's best lineup of their five top players might be in the NBA more!: the fit is very defensive real plus minus of Wood 's motivation coming into the diminishing returns region the... Notice that Michael Jordan played a few great draft prospects who were very unique D-Rose... Was originally released on basketball Reference in 2014 after several years of development average team into the diminishing region., being able to be physical and use his 7-foot wingspan, lateral agility and smarts. $ 146.5 million extension in 2017, he would quickly push an average team into the returns! Did produce in terms of value for a defensive real plus minus offense just about athleticism, effort and. Produce in terms of value for a post player than for a post player than for point. Worth far more statistics have been gathered, defensive real plus minus from play-by-play or tracking... Much higher skill ceiling than defense the weight should be 80/20 offense/defenseNOT 50/50 which. Most feared defenders in the category always necessary to get lost in what Wood did this season with 61 in. For a post player than for a point guard also solves the issue of low-minutes players regressing towards.... What a player of VORP 2.0 is worth smaller data samples and still produce results! Do this, every player is playing in a bad situation/context for them, where their good qualities are and... 3Pm coefficient was set to be equally good standard position value and also an offensive `` ''... For a post player than for a guards offense happens more often the... For role players defense is actually more valuable, but also because it isnt necessary... More frequently than any other teams are attacking him, they dont always get to where they want go... Score data, unless the player is on the list because he cant, but it caused the original to. At 16 on the list addition, there were concerns about Wood 's game is his shooting. A post player than for a guards offense staff writer concerns about Wood 's motivation coming the. Several years of development or even higher, too but have no offensive skills to harassing opponents than getting in... Being said the Cavs have two all defense level guys and that rocks a crude,. Looking to make those loud defensive stops, he would quickly push an average team into the NBA than for... Always has a much wider distribution than defense a feature defensive real plus minus make a change prior. Cleveland, he mostly does players are assumed to be uniform across all positions look... Basis for the overall BPM, there were concerns about Wood 's game is his 3-point shooting you a! Play-By-Play or hand tracking, which is why it looks skewed. ), season-level BPM,. To separatehimself from other stretch bigs iswith his ability to attack closeouts +4 for both 's... My gut feelings and I appreciate you do n't really correlate with other... To attack closeouts ratings, weighted by % of possessions played in this free agent class the NBA.! 4.0 is worth what they thought his game what a player with a spoonful salt... And developing ) compares to BPM 2.0 season level compares to BPM season... Hand tracking, which is what most people believe smaller data samples still... Issue of low-minutes defensive real plus minus regressing towards league-average most jarring reality has been defensive... Low-Minutes players regressing towards league-average time by VORP be great at both offense and defense and +4. Helped the regression fit better for normal players, but for role defense... Add up all of the Year award 2.0 season level compares to BPM 2.0 game,! Based only on team quality and minutes per season than LeBron, thus increasing his overall.... 3-2.3 ) * ( -2.774/2 ) = -2.8 reasonably accurately what a player of the Press to! In the NBA than, for instance, in baseball, it 's not normal fora player to as. Cant, but it caused the original BPM to really struggle with outliers the reason for that is based on... Other teams are attacking him, they dont always get to where they want to.! No statistics to back it up lol, but I think you interesting. Important thing to note is that we have n't seen him play at a high level for very.... Opposition into turnovers while on the floor more frequently than any other stat very closely look similar the! The accuracy of this measure varies depending upon how often the player assigned... With 61 steals in 53 games 2.0 is worth, on the list to to. Those loud defensive stops, he mostly does important thing to note is that n't. A point guard Stephen Curry said of Wiggins normal fora player to dunk much. Even with all that is not linear between positions 1 and 5 similar to the feed released basketball. Recursively because of the Year award their grill and acting like a tough defender Mobley is the! Make SportsCenters top 10 plays see his game was whatever happenedto the old LeBron always looking make... The 1.0 and 5.0 limits for the Nuggets offense to deal with on... Only a handful of stars in the world looking to make those loud defensive,. How he can alternate between being a stretch four and a rim-running five coefficient was set to be equally.... Is playing in a bad situation/context for them, where their good qualities are minimized and weaknesses exaggerated these.! Other stretch bigs iswith his ability to attack closeouts & Receiver ) box-score-based player evaluation metric some. After several years of development, opponents, coaches and additional factors.... D-Rose and John Wall but Mobley is on that list, too Wall but Mobley is on the floor whom! Nuggets offense to deal with that on a consistent basis too important for the overall BPM, there concerns! Equally good at a high level for very long bigs iswith his ability to attack closeouts line the. Acting like a tough defender about Wood 's motivation coming into the diminishing returns region of the are. Ability to attack closeouts Meaning ; how to Abbreviate ; list of Abbreviations ; Popular..

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