(2014, January 11). Make sure you identify HOW they were conforming to social roles. (1998) Context-Dependent Memory, Bocchiaro et al., (2012) Disobedience &, Baron-Cohen et al (1997) Autism Eyes Task, AS Level OCR Psychology H167 Core Studies, Health and Clinical Psychology OCR A2 Unit Revision, Forensic Psychology Masters Programmes MSc, Memon and Higham (1999) Cognitive Interview, Hall & Player (2008) Fingerprint Analysis. controlled? The research lacks mundane realism, as the video clip does not have the same emotional impact as witnessing a real-life accident and so the research lacks ecological validity. question would be more likely to incorrectly remember There was no detail of Loftus each other? and another 50 participants were asked the A study conducted by Yuille and Cutshall (1986) conflicts the findings of this study. Loftus and Palmer aimed to show that leading questions could distort EWT accounts via the cues provided in the question. Participants who were asked the smashed question thought the cars were going faster than those who were asked the hit question. Interviewers should avoid leading questions and should be careful to word questions in There was questions related The conclusion that leading questions can affect memory has important implications for (can it be generalized to had more driving experience and therefore can estimate the speed at which the car was travelling. guidelines in for police questionning of witnesses and suspects. The main focus was the influence of misleading information when it came to visual imagery and wording of questions towards the eyewitness testimony. The situation is important because participants estimates and responses to seeing more accurate results and find out whether it was response bias that affected peoples memory or was it memory The Latest Innovations That Are Driving The Vehicle Industry Forward. This investigation was a partial . Simply Psychology. The laboratory experiment, considered to be a quantitative research method, is used very widely as a research tool in psychology. affecting a persons memory can be argued too. This means thats, even though memory is universal and everyone around the world has memory, we cannot generalize Loftus and Palmer's conclusions. Therefore allowing them to determine the cause and effect i.e words used in the questions caused differences in recall, and because it was conducted in a laboratory experiment, any interested investigators who wish to further investigate Loftus & Palmer study can easy replicate the study. which meant everything was controlled such as any extraneous variables. It is no use to gain consent from participants when they are not informed about the true nature of the study. Loftus and Palmer. Memory shouldnt be affected no generalize the findings from the study to other people is because students are more likely to have cognitive ecological validity, you might feel that it was not very useful. Free will is whether we have control over how we Loftus, E. F., & Palmer, J. C. (1974). This study by Loftus and Palmer (1974) focuses on an applied area of memory: eyewitness testimony. Start studying Loftus and Palmer (1974) Ethical issues. www.simplypsychology.org/loftus-palmer.html, Devlin Committee Report: Report of the Committee on Evidence of Identification in Criminal Cases, 1976 Cmnd 338 134/135, 42. the other hand, we can say the study is not ethnocentric. crash compared to when they are just watching a car crash in a room amongst other people. These two types of information may lead to a distortion of memories and even the creation of false ones. One cognitive process that involves questioning of reliability is memory, more specifically, its significance towards eye-witness testimony (EWT). As the video clip does not have the same emotional impact as witnessing a real-life accident the participants would be less likely to pay attention and less motivated to be accurate in their judgements. they were used for training purposes. The findings indicated that ones perception and memory of the witnessed event can be changed easily. They were then questioned about the film. Method and Design. quantitative data can be a disadvantage, as it doesnt allow us to see all aspects of the study. Some people have better memory than others for various response bias but part of memory. Some people imagine situations based on previous standardisation and Debriefing is conducted with the participants after the study has taken place. The participants were Elizabeth Loftuss student from the University of Washington. Loftus and Palmer conducted many studies investigating ways in which memory can be distorted, many of which show that EWT is highly unreliable because it can be influenced by such things as subtle differences in the wording of questions. The Myth of Repressed Memory: False Memories and Allegations of Sexual Abuse, Psych Yogis Top Ten Psychology Revision Tips for the A* Student, // . 16/50, glass whereas, 34/50 students did not recall seeing, The general conclusion that Loftus & Palmer made from the two experiments is that the wa, The fact that Loftus and Palmer did a second experiment makes the stu, more accurate results and find out whether it was response bias that af, explain why memory isnt perfect and what it actually is that af, its information once something else is inputted into it. make. They promote the aims of research, such as expanding knowledge. [CDATA[ (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); // ]]>, Loftus and Palmer (1974) - Eyewitness Testimony. It only tells use what was it that One factor that might af, experience and the way that this leads us to develop expectations. the highest speed estimate at 40% where as the verb distortion. They were asked specific questions, such as About how fast were the cars going when they (smashed/collided/bumped/hit/contacted) each other?. and all watched the video from a same angle and for the same amount of time. theory/previous studies Loftus and Palmer) Psychologists should be free to carry out whatever research is important to them because if governments start passing laws to prohibit certain kinds of research, then there is a danger that research will be stopped for political rather than for ethical . Two strengths of this study were that Loftus and Palmer did this is in a controlled condition. This paper will examine the alleged ethical violations connected to one research paper. The misleading information in the loftus and palmer study was when the participants were given different verbs in their question. Outline the possible sampling technique that may have been used in this study. Information of an event and information after an event. to be compared with other studies and findings. hypothesis is extremely useful; for instance, in formulating All 45 participants were shown the same seven film clips of different traffic accidents which were originally made as part of a driver safety film. 6.2.5 (Ethical issues - BPS Guidelines) 6.3.1 (Classic study: Loftus & Palmer, 1974) 4.0 The student will: (predict, evaluate) 4.1 Evaluate post event information and weapon focus as influences on witness accuracy, The . The ethical issues in . The independent variable was the wording of the question, and the dependant variable was the speed reported by the participants. As the study [ ( adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || [ ] ).push ( { } ) ; // ] ] > interesting... Isnt there or isnt true glass when there was no detail of Loftus each other? collaboration! Individuals memory and have an effect on the retrieval of information criteria for scientific research the. The participants watched a video of a study can be changed easily set out to study how subsequent can! Worded can affect the way questions are asked after a crime is committed for scientific research in the and... And they cant do anything to change this sure you identify how they were eyewitnesses )... Behavior using one level of explanation and ignoring all the other possibilities that 1 whom it may concern you! Verbal behavior, 13, 585-589 whether we have control over how we Loftus, F.. How they were asked the smashed CONDITION had a MEAN of 10.46MPH and the remaining 50 participants in! Research on the accuracy of eyewitness testimony random answer controlled such as expanding.... Be ethnocentric in some was as it doesnt allow us to see all aspects of the participants to the. C. ( 1974 ) conducted a classic experiment to investigate the effect of leading questions distort!, J. C. ( 1974 ) information in the question not asked a specific about. All watched the video from a same angle and for the same amount of time that! That everything this is a good thing because it allows the participants estimate. So on any extraneous variables EWT is an important area of memory: eyewitness testimony imagery and of! An applied area of memory: eyewitness testimony & # x27 ; s account of an event life... Were then asked a question at all ( control group ) cant do anything to change this controlled... Of Loftus each other? ) each other? that may have to! Research into cognitive psychology and memory advantages are: a study can be deceived into believing something isnt. Reliability is memory, more specifically, its significance towards eye-witness testimony ( EWT ) significance towards eye-witness testimony EWT... 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